Baqarah 183-185

183- YOU WHO BELIEVE, FASTING HAS BEEN PRESCRIBED FOR YOU, AS IT HAS BEEN PRESCRIBED FOR THOSE BEFORE YOU, SO THAT YOU MAY BE PIOUS.184- NUMBERED DAYS; AS FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO ARE SICK OR TRAVELLING, THEN THEY MAKE THE NUMBERS UP AT OTHER DAYS. AS FOR THOSE WHO CAN MANAGE IT, THERE IS A RANSOM OF FEEDING A POOR PERSON, BUT IF YOU GIVE MORE OF YOUR OWN ACCORD, THIS IS BETTER FOR YOU, AND TO FAST IS BETTER FOR YOU IF YOU DO NOT KNOW.185- THE MONTH OF RAMADAN DURING WHICH THE KORAN WAS SENT DOWN, GUIDANCE TO MANKIND AND CARRYING CLEAR SIGNS OF GUIDANCE AND JUDGING RIGHT FROM WRONG. ANY ONE OF YOU WHO SEE THIS MONTH, HE SHOULD FAST IT, AND WHOEVER IS ILL OR TRAVELLING, THEY SHOULD MAKE THE NUMBER UP AT OTHER DAYS. ALLAH DESIRES EASE NOT HARDSHIP FOR YOU. YOU SHOULD COMPLETE THE NUMBER OF DAYS, AND GLORIFY ALLAH FOR WHAT HE GUIDED YOU TO, SO THAT YOU MAY GIVE THANKS.
This is the command to fast the month of Ramadan. Ramadan is a special month, for during which Allah the Highest sent the Quran down as stated in the Ayah. It is also reported that other holy books were sent down during this month. Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him said: “The Scripture of Ibrahim was sent down at the beginning of Ramadan, the Torah was sent down on the sixth day of Ramadan, the Engeel was sent down on the thirteenth of Ramadan, and the Quran was sent down on the twenty fourth of Ramadan”. (Ahmed)Fasting the month of Ramadan is a duty upon every adult, sane, and physically able Muslim.Fasting has a purpose stated in the Ayah, which is to attain piety. The abstention from food, drink, sex and all that displeases Allah the Highest from dawn to sunset, only for Allah’s sake, helps us towards achieving piety. Every one has opportunity to do all this in secret, without being seen by anyone but the Almighty, yet maintaining the fast means that we know that Allah the Highest watches and sees us.Allah the Highest commanded us to fast for the days of the month of Ramadan. We start fasting when we see the crescent of Ramadan, and know the end of the month when we see the crescent of Shawal. A lunar month is often 29 days. Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him said: “Fast when you see the crescent, and break you fast when you see it, but if it was cloudy, complete the month to thirty days”. (B: Sayam; 5 & M: Sayam; 6-9 & T: Sowm; 2)Ramadan is a month of Mercy and forgiveness. Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him said: “Whoever fasts Ramadan and worships in it by night, due to his belief and hoping for reward from Allah, Allah will forgive him his past sins, and whoever worships at the night of Qadr due to his belief and hoping for Allah’s reward, Allah will forgive him his past sins” (B: Eman; 28 & M: Sayam; 203 & D: Ramadan; 1 & A: 2; 232)Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him also said: “A man’s nose is rubbed in the dirt if Ramadan comes and goes without his sins being forgiven” (M: Ber; 8 & A: 2; 346)During the month of Ramadan, the heavens open up with mercy for the worshippers. Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him said: “When Ramadan comes, the gates to Paradise open, the gates to Hell-Fire shut, and the devils get locked away”. (B: Sowm; 5 & M: Sayam; 1-4 & Mal: Sayam; 59)Allah the Highest gave some people licenses not to fast due to special circumstances. There are two types of licenses:1- Temporary License: Which is a license not to fast, but the Muslim man or woman have to make up the days i.e. fast the number of days they did not fast, after the month of Ramadan. These situations are:a- Travelling, Pregnant women, and Breast Feeding women: While travelling, a Muslim man went to Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him who was eating and invited the man to eat. The man said: “I am fasting”. Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him said: “Allah the Exalted and the Majestic reduced the Salah for the traveler to half, which him to put off fasting to later days, the same for the pregnant and the breast feeding woman”. (N:Sayam;50 & Ma:Sayam;12 & Da:Sawm;16 & A:5;29)
The distance at which one is allowed not to fast or to half the number of Rakaa of the Salah is thought to be no less than 50km.
This license is optional, as long as it does not seriously affect a person’s health, or the health of the mother or baby. If it does, it is not an option.
If a woman has a second child by the time she finishes breast feeding the first, and so on she will have great difficulty making up these days later. Scholars see that she has a license to ransom her non fasting days by feeding a poor person for each day of Ramadan she did not fast.
b- During the Monthly Menstruation. Women should not fast during this time. It is not an optional license, but a compulsory one.c- During or just before battle: For fasting weakens the army. This also applies to personnel who are serving the army like doctors and nurses looking after the wounded etc.Abu Saed Al-Khodari Allah’s messenger’s companion reported: “While we were travelling with Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him to Makah the time when Makah was taken by the Muslims, we were fasting (in Ramadan). When we stopped on the way, Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him said: “You are getting nearer to your enemy and eating makes you stronger”. This was a license, so some of us fasted and some ate. When we stopped at another place, he said: “You are meeting your enemy tomorrow, eating makes you stronger, so eat”. This was a command, so we ate”. (M: Sayam; 102)2- Permanent Licenses:In these cases the Muslim man or woman does not have to fast at all or make up the days after Ramadan. They will have to ransom the days by feeding a poor person of the average they eat, for every day of Ramadan.This License applies to:a- Permanent Illness or Disability: This is a permanent illness which prevents the Muslim from fasting or endangers his or her health if they fast and not necessarily their life.b- Frailty due to Old Age: An old person who is too weak to fast has a permanent license, as those with permanent illness.Abolished License: When the fasting of Ramadan was first prescribed, Allah the Highest gave the Muslims a license not to fast and ransom the days they did not fast without having any of the above mentioned reasons, when He said: “AS FOR THOSE WHO CAN MANAGE IT, THERE IS A RANSOM OF FEEDING A POOR PERSON”.This license was later abolished when Allah the Highest said: “THEY SHOULD MAKE THE NUMBER UP AT OTHER DAYS”.Then every Muslim who could fast should fast the whole number of the month’s days unless they have a lawful excuse.These licenses as Allah the Highest stated are to make fulfilling the duties or worship easier and to allow Muslims to complete the fast of the month without undue hardship.Concerning the Licenses we should note:1- Licenses are charity from Allah to his slaves, Allah likes us to accept and use. Allah the Highest said: “Allah likes for His licenses to be used as He hates to be disobeyed”. (A:2;108)And he also said: “Whoever does not accept Allah’s license, he shall carry as much sin as the mountain of Arafat”. (A: 3; 71 4; 158)2- If a license is optional like fasting while travelling, one should not refrain from using the license, yet making others around him carry extra burden for it. Jabir Ibn Abd Allah, Allah’s messenger’s companion reported: “While we were travelling with Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him, he saw a man people gathered around to shade him. He said: “What is the matter with him?” They said: “He is fasting”. He said: “It is not righteous to fast while travelling”. (B:Sowm;36 & M:Sayam;92,102)3- When those not fasting served those fasting while travelling, Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him said: “Those not fasting have taken the reward (of fasting)”. (M:Sayam;100-101 & N:Sayam;52)4- This does not mean that it is forbidden to fast while travelling; it is not, provided one can manage it without being a burden on others. It was reported by Allah’s messenger companions: “We used to travel with Allah’s messenger in Ramadan. Those fasting did not criticize those who were not and those not fasting not criticizing those who were”. (N:Sayam;59)5- A Muslim should never not fast a day in Ramadan without a license, for nothing equals that day. Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him said: “He who does not fast one day in Ramadan without a license, even fasting for life shall not compensate for it”. (B:Sowm;29 & M:Sowm;28 & T:Sowm;29)6- Yet, Allah the Highest is Most Forgiving and Most Merciful, if the person repents, he may ransom it. A man went to Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him and said: “I am doomed”, Allah’s messenger said: “Why are you doomed?” The man said: “I had intercourse with my wife during the day in Ramadan”. Allah’s messenger said: “Can you afford to free a slave?” the man said: “No”. Allah’s messenger said: “Can you fast two consecutive months?” the man said: “No”. Allah’s messenger said: “Can you feed sixty poor?” the man said: “No”. The man sate down and after a while another man came to Allah’s messenger with a sac of dates as a charity. Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him said to the first man: “Take these dates and give it for charity”. The man said: “To who is poorer than us, I do not know in Medina any family poorer than us”. Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him laughed until his teeth were seen and said to the man: “Take it and feed it to your family”. (B:Sowm;31 & M:Sayam;81 & D:Sowm;37 & T:Sowm;28 & A:2;241)
Ramadan is a month we should never miss to fast it’s day time and pray it’s night time as much as we can to gain Allah’s Mercy and Forgiveness.
B: Bukhari M: Muslim Mal: Malek A: Ahmed D: Abu DawoodDa: Daremy Ma: Ibn Magah N: Nesae T: Termezi



source : http://aamsaafan.blogs2k.com/category/quran-explanation/

Baqarah 180-182

180- IT IS PRESCRIBED FOR YOU THAT IF DEATH COMES TO ANY OF YOU, IF HE LEAVES GOODS, THE WILL SHOULD BE FOR THE PARENTS AND THE CLOSE KIN IN KINDNESS, A DUTY UPON THE PIOUS.181- SHOULD ANY ONE CHANGE IT AFTER THEY HAVE HEARD IT, IT’S GUILT US UPON THOSE WHO CHANGE IT, AND ALLAH HEARS AND SEES ALL THINGS.182- SHOULD ANY ONE FEARS INJUSTICE OR WRONG DOING AND HE MAKES PEACE BETWEEN THEM, THERE IS NOTGUILT UPON HIM, AND ALLAH IS MOST FORGIVING AND MOST MERCIFUL.
These Ayahs were sent down commanding the Muslims to make a will each. This was before the Ayahs of Sorah Al-Nesae concerning inheritance were sent down. Before then, the according to these Ayahs each Muslim should have made a will. At the time, the Muslim could dispose of his whole estate through a will. After the Ayahs of inheritance, one could make a will in no more than one third of his estate, is if he/she wants to make a will, for it became optional.The rules concerning wills are as follows:1- The person should be leaving wealth or goods which after distributing to the inheritors leave some for the will.
2- Debt should be paid out from the deceased estate before the paying the will. In fact debt should be paid out before any inheritor inherits. Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him said: “Debt should be paid before the will”. (B:Wasaya,9 & T:Wasaya;6 & Ma:Wasaya;7 & A:1;79)
3- The will should be for no more than one third of the whole estate. The third is a limit not a target. At least two thirds of the estate should be distributed between the lawful inheritors according to Islamic Law. Also, at present the will is not an obligation, but an option.Saad Ibn Abi Waqas was sick and Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him went to see him, Saad said: “Allah’s messenger, I have wealth, and only my daughter inherits me, shall I make a will in two thirds of my estate? He said: “No”. Saad said: “Half then?” He said: “No” Saad said: “A third?” Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him said: “A third and the third is plenty. It is better to leave your inheritors well off than to leaving them dependant on others, stretching their hands out to people”. (B: Janaez; 36 & M: Wasaya; 5, 97 & T: Janaez; 6)
4- A person might write a will or leave a verbal will. It is in trust with those who know it and it is a great sin to change it in any way.
5- The Will should not cause Injustice. A person’s will is the last deed in his life to execute after his death. One should be sure that this last deed is not unjust. How may this happen?A man who has 4 children and a wife might wish to leave some money or property to a relation. If he leaves him a third, then he will have a bigger share than any of his own children, which is unjust. Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him said: “A man will do the deeds of the righteous for seventy years, but when he makes an unjust will, and will end his life with the worst of his deeds and will be sent to the Fire. And a man will do the sinful for seventy years, and will be just in his will; he will end his life with the best of his deeds and will be sent to the Paradise”. (Ma: Wasaya; 3 & a: 2; 278)
6- No Will should be made to Lawful Inheritors. One can not make a will to any of the lawful inheritors, thus increasing their share in the inheritance above what Allah the Highest decided for them. Allah’s messenger prayer and peace upon him said: “Allah has given every one who has a right his due right; therefore, there is no share in a will for a lawful inheritor”. (B:Wasaya;6 & D:Wasaya:6 & T:Wasaya;5)
7- A Muslim who knows about any potential injustice in a person’s will, should try to intercede to prevent it, thus preventing a fellow Muslim from committing injustice which is a great sin.If a Muslim decides to make a will, he/she should be careful not to let his desires lead him astray and make him unjust in his will.
B: Bukhari M: Muslim Mal: Malek A: Ahmed D: Abu DawoodDa: Daremy Ma: Ibn Magah N: Nesae T: Termezi

who is mohammed part 3

sources : http://mohammad.islamway.com/?lang=eng

The Children Of Ishmael Over the years Ishmael's children themselves had children. His descendants increased and formed tribes which spread out all over Arabia. One of these tribes was called Quraysh. Its people never moved away from Mecca and always lived near the Ka'bah. One of the duties of the leader of Quraysh was to look after those who came on pilgrimage to the Ka'bah. The pilgrims would come from all over Arabia and it was a great honor to provide them with food and water. As time passed, however, the Arabs stopped worshipping Allah directly and started bringing idols back with them from the different countries they visited. These idols were placed at the Ka'bah, which was no longer regarded as the Sanctuary of Allah, as Abraham had intended it. It was, however, still respected by the Arabs. Around this time the well of Zamzam disappeared beneath the sand.

Also at this time, Qusayy, one of the leaders of Quraysh, became ruler over Mecca. He held the keys of the temple and had the right to give water to the pilgrims, to feed them, to take charge of meetings, and to hand out war banners before battle. It was also in his house that Quraysh settled their affairs. After Qusayy's death, his son 'Abdu Manaf, who had become famous during his father's lifetime, took over the leadership of Quraysh. After him came his son Hashim. It is said that Hashim was the first to begin the two great caravan journeys of Quraysh, one in the summer to Syria and the north, and one in the winter to Yemen and the south. As a result, Mecca grew rich and became a large and important centre of trade. One summer Hashim went north to buy goods to sell in Yemen. On his way he stopped in Yathrib to trade in the market and there he saw a beautiful woman. She was Salma', the daughter of 'Amr ibn Zeid, who was from a much respected family.
Hashim proposed marriage to her and was accepted because he was an honorable and distinguished man. In time, Salma' gave birth to a beautiful son and as some of his hair was white they called him Shaybah, which in Arabic means grey-haired'. Mother and son stayed in the cooler, healthier climate of Yathrib, while Hashim returned to Mecca, but he would visit them each time he took his caravan to the north. During one of these journeys, however, Hashim became ill and died. Shaybah, a handsome, intelligent boy, grew up in his uncle's house in Yathrib. He was proud of being the son of Hashim ibn 'Abdi Manaf, the head of Quraysh, guardian of the Ka'bah and protector of the pilgrims, even though he had not known his father, who had died while Shaybah was very young. At Hashim's death his brother al-Muttalib took over his duties and responsibilities. He traveled to Yathrib to see his nephew, Shaybah, and decided that as the boy would one day inherit his father's place,